Abdorrahman Boroumand Center

for Human Rights in Iran

https://www.iranrights.org
Omid, a memorial in defense of human rights in Iran
One Person’s Story

Maryam Abdorrahim Kashi

About

Age: 18
Nationality: Iran
Religion: Islam
Civil Status: Single

Case

Date of Killing: January 2, 1982
Location of Killing: Evin Prison, Tehran, Tehran Province, Iran
Mode of Killing: Shooting
Charges: Unspecified counter-revolutionary offense

About this Case

News of the execution of Ms. Maryam Abdolrahim-Kashi is based on an email sent to Omid by Ms. Mina Entezari, her cellmate at Evin Prison. Ms. Abdolrahim-Kashi is one of the 12,028 individuals listed in an addendum to Mojahed magazine (No. 261), published by the Mojahedin Khalq Organization in 1985. The list includes individuals, affiliated with various opposition groups, who were executed or killed during clashes with the Islamic Republic security forces from June 1981 to the publication date of the magazine.

According to this information, Ms. Abdolrahim-Kashi, 18, was a senior class student at Hashtrudi High School in Tehran. She was single and a sympathizer of the Mojahedin Khalq Organization.

The Mojahedin Khalq Organization (MKO) was founded in 1965. This organization adapted the principals of Islam as its ideological guideline. However, its members’ interpretation of Islam was revolutionary, and they believed in armed struggle against the Shah’s regime. They valued Marxism as a progressive method for economic and social analysis but considered Islam to be their source of inspiration, culture, and ideology. In the 1970s, the MKO was weakened when many of its members were imprisoned and executed. In 1975, following a deep ideological crisis, the organization refuted Islam as its ideology and, after a few of its members were killed and other Muslim members purged, the organization proclaimed Marxism as its ideology. This move led to a split within the Marxist-Leninist Section of the MKO in 1977. In January of 1979, the imprisoned Muslim leaders of the MKO were released, along with other political prisoners. They began to re-organize the MKO and to recruit new members, based on Islamic ideology. After the 1979 Revolution and the establishment of the Islamic Republic, the MKO accepted the leadership of Ayatollah Khomeini and supported the Revolution. Active participation in the political scene and infiltration of governmental institutions were primary in the organization’s agenda. During the first two years after the Revolution, the MKO succeeded in recruiting numerous sympathizers, especially in high schools and universities; but its efforts to gain political power, whether by appointment or election, were strongly opposed by the Islamic Republic’s leaders. *

Arrest and detention

According to Ms. Entezari’s report, Ms. Maryam Abdolrahim-Kashi was arrested, along with her friend Mahnaz Karimi, for being suspected of participating in a street demonstration at Vali’asr Street in Tehran on August 30, 1981. They were transferred to Section One of the Evin prison around mid-September of the same year. They were both tortured severely by cable lashes. Their feet were injured and swollen in a way that they could not walk easily and needed help to move around. Later, they were transferred to Section 240 of Evin Prison. Ms. Maryam Abdolrahim-Kashi was denied any visitation with her family during her detention period. Ironically, her name was announced through loudspeakers to attend a visitation around early January of 1982, after her execution.

Trial

According to Ms. Entezari’s report, Ms. Abdolrahim-Kashi was tried for a few minutes on a November day in 1981. No other information is available regarding her trial.

Charges

The charge brought against Ms. Abdolrahim-Kashi is not known.

Evidence of guilt

The report of this execution does not contain information regarding evidence provided against Ms. Abdolrahim-Kashi.

Defense

No information is available regarding Ms. Abdolrahim-Kashi’s defense.

Judgment

According to Ms. Entezari’s report, Ms. Maryam Abdolrahim-Kashi was executed, along with Ms. Mahnaz Karimi and several others, on January 2, 1982. Ms. Abdolrahim-Kashi was 18 years old.

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* The exclusion of MKO members from government offices and the closure of their centers and publishing houses, in conjunction with to the Islamic Republic authorities’ different interpretation of Islam, widened the gap between the two. Authorities of the new regime referred to the Mojahedin as “Hypocrites” and the Hezbollahi supporters of the regime attacked the Mojahedin sympathizers regularly during demonstrations and while distributing publications, leading to the death of several MKO supporters. On June 20, 1981, the MKO called for a demonstration protesting their treatment by governmental officials and the government officials’ efforts to impeach their ally, President Abolhassan Banisadr. Despite the fact that the regime called this demonstration illegal, thousands came to the streets, some of whom confronted the Revolutionary Guardsmen and Hezbollahis. The number of casualties that resulted from this demonstration is unknown but a large number of demonstrators were arrested and executed in the following days and weeks. The day after the demonstration, the Islamic Republic regime started a repressive campaign – unprecedented in modern Iranian history. Thousands of MKO members and sympathizers were arrested or executed. On June 21, 1981, the MKO announced an armed struggle against the Islamic Republic and assassinated a number of high-ranking officials and supporters of the Islamic regime.

In the summer of 1981, the leader of the MKO and the impeached President (Banisadr) fled Iran to reside in France, where they founded the National Council of Resistance. After the MKO leaders and many of its members were expelled fromFrance, they went toIraqand founded the National Liberation Army of Iran in 1987, which entered Iranian territory a few times during the Iran-Iraq war. They were defeated in July 1988 during their last operation, the Forugh Javidan Operation. A few days after this operation, thousands of imprisoned Mojahedin supporters were killed during the mass executions of political prisoners in 1988. Ever since the summer of 1981, the MKO has continued its activities outside of Iran. No information is available regarding members and activities of the MKO inside the country.

In spite of the “armed struggle” announcement by the MKO on June 20, 1981, many sympathizers of the organization had no military training, were not armed, and did not participate in armed conflict. 

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