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The names listed below are those of individuals whose violent death is attributed to the Islamic Republic of Iran, or to agents acting on its behalf. The list, drawn mainly from published sources, is not exhaustive. Executions are not always announced and the media has not been consistent in reporting those that were made public. The information regarding victims of bombings (carried out by or on behalf of the Islamic Republic outside Iran) is also incomplete. Further, the list does not include those killed in armed clashes with the Islamic Republic’s armed forces or the civilians killed by the Islamic Republic’s security forces or militias in such context.
Sources
Research for the Memorial is ongoing...Results 5801 - 5825 of 15995 » Forugh Hekmati Soltani Execution Iran » Mahbubeh Helali Execution unspecified execution method, Iran » Mohammad Javad Hemasi Age 26 Occupation university student Execution shooting, December 6, 1983, Tehran, Iran » Azam Hemati Execution unspecified execution method, Iran » Mohammad Ali Hemati Execution stoning, June 1996, Orumieh, Iran » Dariush Hematian Execution unspecified execution method, March 2, 1984, Ahvaz, Iran » Vahid Hemmat Boland Age 20 Occupation student Execution shooting, July 12, 1981, Evin Prison, Tehran, Iran » Hemmati Execution November 1988, Tehran, Iran » Aqdas Hemmati Age 24 Execution shooting, August 1988, Semnan, Iran » Daryush Hemmati Age 25 Occupation professional Execution shooting, May 30, 1983, Ahvaz, Iran » Parvin Hemmati Age 21 Execution August 1988, Semnan, Iran » Farid Hendijian Execution shooting, August 1988, Rasht, Iran » Silvia Leonor Hersalis Age 42 Execution bombing, July 18, 1994, Buenos Aires, Argentina » Morad Hesalazari Execution hanging, October 24, 1987, Tehran, Iran » Ebrahim Hesam Moqadam Age 13 Execution death in custody, 1982, Bandar-e Abbas, Iran » Esma'il Hesam Moqadam Age 16 Occupation high school student Execution shooting, July 15, 1982, Bandar-e Abbas, Iran » Afshin Hesami Age 20 Occupation high school student Execution death in custody, May 6, 1983, Orumieh, Iran » Parviz Hesami Execution August 17, 1982, Mashad, Iran » Seifollah Hesami Age 29 Occupation university student Execution shooting, August 1988, Ahvaz, Iran » Sheykh Sa'di Hesami Age 26 Execution shooting, July 23, 1984, Kordestan, Iran » Zahra Hesami Execution shooting, April 1982, Tehran, Iran » Aqdas Hesarbu'i Execution stoning, March 1989, karaj, Iran » Kourosh Hesari Execution unspecified execution method, May 9, 1990, Eslam Shahr, Iran » Ali Heshmati Age 23 Execution shooting, April 19, 1982, Bakhtaran, Iran » Esmaeel Heshteh Execution December 25, 1983, Tehran, Iran page 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, A 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, B 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 106, 107, 108, 109, 110, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115, 116, 117, 118, 119, 120, 121, 122, 123, 124, C 125, 126, 127, 128, D 129, 130, 131, 132, 133, 134, 135, 136, 137, 138, 139, 140, 141, 142, 143, 144, 145, 146, 147, 148, 149, E 150, 151, 152, 153, 154, 155, 156, 157, 158, 159, 160, 161, 162, 163, 164, 165, 166, 167, 168, 169, F 170, 171, 172, 173, 174, 175, 176, 177, 178, 179, 180, 181, 182, 183, 184, 185, 186, 187, 188, 189, 190, 191, 192, 193, 194, 195, G 196, 197, 198, 199, 200, 201, 202, 203, 204, 205, 206, 207, H 208, 209, 210, 211, 212, 213, 214, 215, 216, 217, 218, 219, 220, 221, 222, 223, 224, 225, 226, 227, 228, 229, 230, 231, 232, 233, 234, 235, 236, 237, 238, 239, 240, 241, 242, 243, 244, 245, 246, I 247, 248, 249, J 250, 251, 252, 253, 254, 255, 256, 257, 258, 259, 260, 261, 262, 263, 264, 265, 266, 267, 268, 269, 270, K 271, 272, 273, 274, 275, 276, 277, 278, 279, 280, 281, 282, 283, 284, 285, 286, 287, 288, 289, 290, 291, 292, 293, 294, 295, 296, 297, 298, 299, 300, 301, 302, 303, 304, 305, 306, 307, 308, 309, 310, 311, 312, 313, 314, 315, 316, 317, 318, 319, L 320, 321, 322, M 323, 324, 325, 326, 327, 328, 329, 330, 331, 332, 333, 334, 335, 336, 337, 338, 339, 340, 341, 342, 343, 344, 345, 346, 347, 348, 349, 350, 351, 352, 353, 354, 355, 356, 357, 358, 359, 360, 361, 362, 363, 364, 365, 366, 367, 368, 369, 370, 371, 372, 373, N 374, 375, 376, 377, 378, 379, 380, 381, 382, 383, 384, 385, 386, 387, 388, 389, 390, 391, 392, 393, 394, 395, O 396, 397, 398, 399, P 400, 401, 402, 403, 404, 405, 406, 407, 408, 409, 410, 411, 412, 413, 414, 415, 416, Q 417, 418, 419, 420, 421, 422, 423, 424, 425, 426, 427, 428, 429, 430, 431, 432, 433, 434, 435, 436, 437, 438, 439, R 440, 441, 442, 443, 444, 445, 446, 447, 448, 449, 450, 451, 452, 453, 454, 455, 456, 457, 458, 459, 460, 461, 462, 463, 464, 465, 466, 467, 468, 469, 470, 471, 472, 473, 474, 475, 476, 477, 478, 479, 480, 481, 482, 483, 484, 485, S 486, 487, 488, 489, 490, 491, 492, 493, 494, 495, 496, 497, 498, 499, 500, 501, 502, 503, 504, 505, 506, 507, 508, 509, 510, 511, 512, 513, 514, 515, 516, 517, 518, 519, 520, 521, 522, 523, 524, 525, 526, 527, 528, 529, 530, 531, 532, 533, 534, 535, 536, 537, 538, 539, 540, 541, 542, 543, 544, 545, 546, 547, 548, 549, 550, 551, 552, 553, 554, 555, 556, 557, 558, 559, 560, 561, 562, 563, 564, 565, 566, 567, 568, 569, 570, 571, 572, 573, 574, 575, T 576, 577, 578, 579, 580, 581, 582, 583, 584, 585, 586, 587, 588, 589, 590, 591, 592, 593, 594, 595, 596, 597, 598, 599, 600, 601, 602, 603, 604, 605, U 606, 607, 608, 609, W 610, 611, 612, 613, 614, Z 615, 616, 617, 618, 619, 620, 621, 622, 623, 624, 625, 626, 627, 628, 629, 630, 631, 632, 633, 634, 635, 636, 637, 638, 639, 640
This list is drawn from published sources such as the Islamic Republic’s media, official statements, reports by international and national human rights organizations, civil society groups, political parties’ publications, published memoirs, and interviews with victims’ relatives and friends. Omid has strived to be as accurate as possible, eliminate duplicates, and verify the information. The sources of the information are quoted in each individual page. The information from unpublished sources that has not been verified is presented as such.
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The legal contextThe courts
Special courts, known as the Islamic Revolutionary Tribunals, were set up after the February 1979 revolution. Their jurisdiction encompasses a wide array of offences ranging from association with or support of the former regime, promotion of foreign influence, and enmity with the revolution to possession, use or sales of narcotic drugs, murder, and profiteering. In the 1980s, a penal court, presided over by one judge, was created to handle some of the offenses punishable by death, such as theft or adultery. These tribunals’ decisions must be confirmed by a chamber of the Supreme Judicial Council.
The judges
Prosecutors and judges are not necessarily jurists. By 1981, the judiciary was purged of judges trained in law schools. They were replaced by seminary graduates and students, as well as by political appointees (an estimated 2000 by 1989). Since by law judges are only required to have a high school diploma and must be faithful to the Islamic Republic’s tenets, new recruits often have little formal training in the law and are chosen because of their political affiliation.
The procedure
The procedures of these ecclesiastical tribunals fail to meet the minimum guarantees for fair trial as established by international human rights instruments and by sha’ria (the Islamic system of law). In addition to executions ordered by revolutionary tribunals, extra-judicial executions are carried out, targeting dissidents and opposition leaders. In some cases, both inside and outside of Iran, these executions have been traced back to Iranian officials. It is, however, not known if in these particular cases trials are held in absentia.
Sources (Among others): Amnesty International, Law and Human Rights in the Islamic Republic of Iran, February 1980; Lawyers' Committee for Human Rights, The Justice System of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1992; E/CN.4/1989/26 p.14; UNCHR, Resolution 1984/54 , Abolition of Torture - Iran - 1; 28 November 1984; Report on the human rights situation in the Islamic Republic of Iran by the Special Representative of the Commission, Mr. Reynaldo Galindo Pohl, 28 January 1987. Amnesty International, A SHOCKED WORLD WATCHES IN DISBELIEF, VIOLATIONS OF HUMAN RIGHTS, 1987-1990. Memoirs of Ayatollah Khalkhali, religious judge and former head of revolutionary tribunals (2001), and Ayatollah Montazeri, dismissed successor to Ayatollah Khomeini (2001). UNCH, E/CN.4/1994/50, Final report on the situation of human rights in the Islamic Republic of Iran prepared by the Special Representative of the Commission on Human Rights, Mr. Reynaldo Galindo Pohl, pursuant to Commission resolution 1993/62 of 10 March 1993 and Economic and Social Council decision 1993/273. E/CN.4/1994/50, 2 February 1994.
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